Excavator.



H. F. MENGK.

BXGAVATOR. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1909.

957,234, Patented may 10, 1910.

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Witnesses.

Inventor.

LZ MWM' H. F. MENGK. EXGAVATOR. APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 10, 1909.

Patented May 10, 1910.

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Witnesses.

j mmf UNITED STATES PATENT @FFTEE.

HANS FRIEDRICH IVIENCK, OF GROSS-FLOTTBECK, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THEFIRM OF MENCK 8c HAMBROCK, GESELLSOHAFT MIT BESCI-IRANKTER I-IAFTUNG, 0F

ALTONA-OTTENSEN, GERMANY.

EXCAVATOR.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANs FRIEDRICH MENOK, a subject of the GermanEmperor, and resident of GrossFlottbeck, Province of Schleswig-Holstein,Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and use fulImprovements in Excavators, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has for its object improvements in excavators andrelates mor particularly to the provision of a braking mechanism inconjunction with the bottom flap of the scoop in order to render itpossible to brake or regulate the opening movement of the bottom flap sothat the emptying of the scoop can be effected by the operator slowly orquickly according to requirements.

In excavators the scoop is emptied, as is known, by opening the bottomof the scoo which is formed as a flap, after the filled scoop has beenswung over the receptacle (truck or the like) intended for the receptionof the material. In the constructions heretofore adopted the opening ofthe bottom flap is effected by releasing a bolt,-

whereupon the flap suddenly swings downward and the entire contents ofthe scoop are discharged in one operation. Owing to this arrangement,the truck or the like into which the material is loaded experiences aharmful shock. Now in order to obviate this defect and to empty thescoop gradually and discharge its contents into the truck without shock,in accordance with the present invention the flap is combined with anappropriate braking mechanism (such as a band brake, air or liquid brakeor the like) by means of which it is possible to cause the flap to openslowly, that is to say to brake and regulate the opening movement of theflap in the desired manner. The arrangement is also such that during thedescent of the scoop the flap automatically recloses so that when thescoop again comes into contact with the ground to be excavated the flapis closed.

Th invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure1 is a side elevation of an exca-- vator constructed in accordance withand embodying the invention, the bottom flap of the scoop being shownopen. Fig. 2 is a detail view of the scoop in side elevation to a largerscale, with the bottom flap closed. Fig. 3 is an end elevation and Fig.4 is a par- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 10, 1909.

Patented May 10, 191i).

Serial No. 477,155.

tial sectional plan of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 2, andillustrates a modified form of braking mechanism.

The excavator (Fig. 1) is mounted in well known manner on a carriagewhich traverses on a temporary track. Gn one end of the frame is a crane3 which has a circular adjustment on the axial post of the ground plateof the excavator. The crane is provided with a suitable chainorwire-ropetackle 4C. To the end of the latter is suspended a scoop a madeof boiler-iron, whose lip a is a steel edge preferably with fingers (notshown). Direction is given to the scoop a by means of a beam formed oftwo parallel arms or rails 2 which are jointed to the crane 3. Vhen thescoop has been thrust into the earth, the beam affords aful crum onwhich the scoop rotates when the tackle 4 is wound up on the drum by theaction of a steam-engine mounted on the excavator platform.

The engine 5 for operating the beam 2 is mounted on the crane 3.

The scoop a which cuts into the ground by means of its lip or cuttingedge (1. comprises a bottom flap 6 carried by two yoke pieces 6rotatable around the shaft 0. portions of these yoke pieces which arecoaxial with the shaft 0 are formed as toothed sectors 6 and mesh withgear wheels (Z (Z on a shaft 6 the bearings of which are fixed on thearms of the scoop-beam 2. The shaft 6 carries a brake disk the brakeband 9 of which is fixed at g to the wall of the scoop and to an arm 9on a shaft la mounted on the rear wall of the scoop. The outwardlyprojecting end of the shaft 70 carries a lever arm 75 which is connectedby means of a link Z with the arm of a bell crank lever a loaded with aweight m. At the free end of this bent lever 91, which is rotatablymounted at n to the beam 2 of the scoop, is attached a pull-rope 0 orthe like leading to the operators stand. The weight at of the lover atends to exert a tractive effort upon the brake band 9 through the linkZ and the brake lever device Z: 79 and 9 whereby the disk 7, the gearwheels (Z (Z and consequently the bottom flap 1) are held in the closedposition. If, however, a tractive effort is exerted upon the rope 0 bythe operator after the filled scoop has been brought over the receptacleto be loaded, the brake band is released. Owing to the weight of theflap Z), of the arms 19 and of the load resting upon the said flap ofthe scoop, this flap 5 will open and the scoop will empty more or lessrapidly according to the pull exerted upon the rope 0 and the release ofthe brake thereby effected; if desired the discharge can be stoppedentirely. lVhen the scoop has been emptied and is to be lowered for afresh cut, the flap closes automatically owing to the sinking of thescoop. For this purpose the brake disk 7 which is loosely mounted on theshaft 6 (Fig. l), is provided on each side with a spring-controlled pawl29 or 29 These pawls engage with ratchet wheels Q or g which are rigidlyconnected with the hubs of the corresponding gear wheels (Z or (Z looseupon the shaft e. lVhen the flap opens after the lifting of the scoopupon the release of the brake, the toothed sectors cause a rotation ofthe gear wheels (Z (Z in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2.The ratchet wheels 9 q are thus rotated in the direction toward thepawls p p and the latter carry the brake disk 7 around with them. lVhenthe bottom flap 6 is opened the brake disk 7 is coupled with the ratchetwheels Q g of the gearing (Z (Z by the pawls 79 p and the gearing, theratchet wheels and the brake disk then rotate as a whole toward the lefthand, relatively to Fig. 2. Upon the descent of the scoop the flap againcloses, however, under the influence of gravity, the toothed sectors 5the gear wheels (Z (Z and consequently the atchet wheels 9 rotate in theopposite direction, that is to say to the right hand relatively to Fig.2 whereby the pawls 7) 20 of the brake disk, which is held by the closedbraking mechanism 9, slide over the ratchet teeth. The tightening of thebrake band 9 eflected automatically by the action of the loaded lever m,n which holds the brake band applied so long as no tractive effort isexerted upon the rope 0. The bottom flap is closed entirelyautomatically when the scoop has been emptied, without the necessity forany action on the part of the operator upon the braking mechanism; thismechanism remains applied by the weighted lever m a after the release ofthe rope, and during the emptying and lowering of the scoop. Then thescoop fills with the material which is being excavated, the latterexerts a pressure against the flap b. The flap cannot open howeverbecause the pawls p p of the brake disk f do not permit of the rotationof the ratchet wheels, the gear wheels (Z (Z or of the toothed sectorsZ3 The brake can be used without any ratchet gear, in which case asshown in Fig. 5 the brake disk f is fixed 011 the shaft 6 and when thescoop descends the brake must be held released until the flap occupiesits closed position. This can be effected either by exerting acontinuous traction upon the rope 0 or by means of special devices whichretain the brake lever in the released position in which the brake isnot applied and again release it at the proper time.

As shown in Fig. 5 the rope 0 is passed around a roller 1' to which itis fixed. The roller 0" carries on its periphery a locking tooth r or anumber of such teeth. A looking pawl 8 formed as a two-armed lever bearsagainst the periphery of the roller; its rear arm caries a pin .9 whichis guided in a slot 25 in a rod or link if pivoted to the yoke Z1 Theroller 1 is connected by a rope 0 with the brake lever is, upon whichthe weight at is likewise arranged. During the excavation the Z) isclosed, because the brake weight m applies the brake. When it is desiredto release the brake for the purpose of emptying the raised scoop atractive effort is exerted upon the rope 0. This ro tates the roller 1'and by means of the connecting rope 0 draws the brake lever 7a and theweight m upward. It is now possible to lift the brake weight m to such aheight as is necessary for slowly opening the fiap. When the flap isfully open the rope 0 is again pulled vigorously, thereby raising theweight m to its highest position. The brake band is now released fully.The brake weight retains this position because the locking tooth 1' hasbeen seized by the pawl 8 thereby preventing retractive rotation of theroller 1". The rope 0 can now be released and the brake remainsunapplied. If the scoop is now lowered for a fresh cut the scoop flap 6again closes. Shortly before the flap entirely closes the rod t acts insuch a manner that owing to its displacement the upper end of its slotstrikes against the pin 8 upon the pawl s and causes the latter todisengage from the locking tooth r. The weighted lever 76 m in itsreversal then applies the brake and the rope 0 again brings the tooth 1into the position shown in Fig. 5. hen the weighted lever is reversed,the rope 0 is re-wound upon the roller 7" in its rotation. The conditionobtaining during excavation is thus reestablished. It the flap is openedthe rod It moves upward but owing to its provision with a long slotexerts no influence upon the locking tooth.

I claim:

1. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted thereon, and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable membermounted in the support, means operated by the movement of the bottom torotate said member in opposite directions, and means to exert a brakingaction on the rotatable member.

2. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted there on and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable membermounted in the support, means connected with the bottom to rotate saidmember in opposite directions, a brake disk connected with the latterand means to exert a braking action on the disk.

3. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable membermounted in the support, rigid means connected with the bottom to rotatesaid member in opposite directions, a brake disk connected with thelatter and means to exert a braking action on the disk.

4. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted thereon, and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable membermounted in the support, rigid means connected with the bottom to rotatesaid member in opposite directions, a brake disk connected with thelatter, a brake band surrounding the disk connected with the scoop,andmeans to actuate the band.

In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted there on, and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a shaft journaledin the support, means connected with the bottom to rotate the shaft inopposite directions, a brake disk, means to fix the latter to the shaft,a brake band surrounding the disk and means to regulate the action ofthe band.

6. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a shaft journaledin the support, rigid members connected with the bottom to rotate theshaft in opposite directions, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, meansto automatically connect the disk and shaft, a brake band surroundingthe disk and means to regulate the action of the band on the shaft.

7 In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a gear journaled onthe support, a rack on the bottom in mesh with the gear, a brake-memberon the support, and a brake member connected with the scoop cooperatingwith the first mentioned brake member.

8. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoopmounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of gears journaled onthe support, racks formed on the bottom in mesh with the gears, a brakedisk, means to connect the latter with the gears, and a brake bandsurrounding the disk connected with the scoop.

9. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mountedthereon and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on saidsupport, a brake-disk on the shaft, gears mounted on the latter,segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with the gears and aweight controlled brake-band surrounding the disk, and means to controlthe action of the weight on the band.

10. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mountedthereon and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on saidsupport, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, gears loosely mounted onthe latter, segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with thegears, means to connect the gears and brake disk and a weight controlledbrake-band surrounding the disk, and means to control the action of theweight on the band.

11. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mountedthereon, and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on saidsupport, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, gears loosely mounted onthe latter, segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with thegears, ratchets connected with the gears, pawls on the brake diskadapted to engage the ratchets, and a braking member cooperating withthe brake disk.

12. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mountedthereon, and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on saidsupport, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, gears loosely mounted onthe latter, segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with thegears, ratchets connected with the gears, pawls on the brake diskadapted to engage the ratchets, a brake band surrounding the brake diskconnected at one end to the scoop, a brake lever connected to the otherend of said band, a weight on the brake lever, and means to counteractthe effect of the weight.

HANS FRIEDRICH MENGK.

lVitnesses:

ANNA KtiMMnL, ERNEST H. L. MUMMENHOFF.

